Thursday, February 17, 2011

FYiPOST: Statistics and Computing, Vol. 21, Issue 2 - New Issue Alert

For the quantoid readers of IQ's Corner.



Thursday, February 17

Dear Valued Customer,
We are pleased to deliver your requested table of contents alert for Statistics and Computing. Good news: now you will find quick links to the full text of the article. Access the article with only one click!

Volume 21 Number 2 is now available on SpringerLink

Register for Springer's email services providing you with info on the latest books in your field. ... More!
In this issue:
Estimation of prediction error by using K-fold cross-validation
Tadayoshi Fushiki
Abstract    Full text PDF

Exact distributional computations for Roy's statistic and the largest eigenvalue of a Wishart distribution
Ronald W. Butler & Robert L. Paige
Abstract    Full text PDF

Functional variance estimation using penalized splines with principal component analysis
Göran Kauermann & Michael Wegener
Abstract    Full text PDF

Restricted likelihood inference for generalized linear mixed models
Ruggero Bellio & Alessandra R. Brazzale
Abstract    Full text PDF

A finite mixture model for multivariate counts under endogenous selectivity
Marco Alfò, Antonello Maruotti & Giovanni Trovato
Abstract    Full text PDF

Bayesian kernel projections for classification of high dimensional data
Katarina Domijan & Simon P. Wilson
Abstract    Full text PDF

Efficient Bayesian analysis of multiple changepoint models with dependence across segments
Paul Fearnhead & Zhen Liu
Abstract    Full text PDF

Bayesian estimation and stochastic model specification search for dynamic survival models
Helga Wagner
Abstract    Full text PDF

Stochastic matching pursuit for Bayesian variable selection
Ray-Bing Chen, Chi-Hsiang Chu, Te-You Lai & Ying Nian Wu
Abstract    Full text PDF   

A quasi-Newton acceleration for high-dimensional optimization algorithms
Hua Zhou, David Alexander & Kenneth Lange
Abstract    Full text PDF   

Fast simulation of truncated Gaussian distributions
Nicolas Chopin
Abstract    Full text PDF

Book Review
James E. Gentle: Computational statistics (Statistics and Computing Series)
Christian P. Robert
Abstract    Full text PDF

Book Review
A.E. Gelfand, P.J. Diggle, M. Fuentes, P. Guttorp (eds.): Handbook of spatial statistics
Denis Allard
Abstract    Full text 








Book review: Lynn's Global Bell Curve: Race, IQ and Global Inequality

A review of the Richard Lynn's Global Bell Curve: Race, IQ and Global Inequality book is available at the COGN-IQ blog.


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Free cognitive journal access for 4 days@psypress, 2/17/11 4:13 AM

Psychology Press (@psypress)
2/17/11 4:13 AM
FREE for 4 days only: Brand new issue of #Cognitive #Neuroscience http://goo.gl/qa8Ua. Click to see why this journal is already in the JCR!


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Educational Psychologist

Wednesday, February 16, 2011

FYiPOST: : Journal of Educational Psychology - Volume 103, Issue 1




A new issue is available for the following APA journal:


Does discovery-based instruction enhance learning?
Page 1-18
Alfieri, Louis; Brooks, Patricia J.; Aldrich, Naomi J.; Tenenbaum, Harriet R.



Does incorrect guessing impair fact learning?
Page 48-59
Kang, Sean H. K.; Pashler, Harold; Cepeda, Nicholas J.; Rohrer, Doug; Carpenter, Shana K.; Mozer, Michael C.

Spatially distributed instructions improve learning outcomes and efficiency.
Page 60-72
Jang, Jooyoung; Schunn, Christian D.; Nokes, Timothy J.

Learning by reviewing.
Page 73-84
Cho, Kwangsu; MacArthur, Charles

Assessing knowledge of mathematical equivalence: A construct-modeling approach.
Page 85-104
Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Matthews, Percival G.; Taylor, Roger S.; McEldoon, Katherine L.

Mathematics attitudes and mathematics outcomes of U.S. and Belarusian middle school students.
Page 105-118
Lipnevich, Anastasiya A.; MacCann, Carolyn; Krumm, Stefan; Burrus, Jeremy; Roberts, Richard D.

Early predictors of biliteracy development in children in French immersion: A 4-year longitudinal study.
Page 119-139
Jared, Debra; Cormier, Pierre; Levy, Betty Ann; Wade-Woolley, Lesly

Individualizing a web-based structure strategy intervention for fifth graders' comprehension of nonfiction.
Page 140-168
Meyer, Bonnie J. F.; Wijekumar, Kausalai K.; Lin, Yu-Chu


Orthographic analogies and early reading: Evidence from a multiple clue word paradigm.
Page 190-205
Savage, Robert S.; Deault, Louise; Daki, Julia; Aouad, Julie

Toward a model of social influence that explains minority student integration into the scientific community.
Page 206-222
Estrada, Mica; Woodcock, Anna; Hernandez, Paul R.; Schultz, P. Wesley

Who is most at risk for school removal? A multilevel discrete-time survival analysis of individual- and context-level influences.
Page 223-237
Petras, Hanno; Masyn, Katherine E.; Buckley, Jacquelyn A.; Ialongo, Nicholas S.; Kellam, Sheppard

Separation of performance-approach and performance-avoidance achievement goals: A broader analysis.
Page 238-256
Murayama, Kou; Elliot, Andrew J.; Yamagata, Shinji

Correction to Estrada-Hollenbeck et al. (2010).
Page 256
Estrada, Mica; Woodcock, Anna; Hernandez, Paul R.; Schultz, P. Wesley


FYiPOST: Teaching with concrete and abstract visual representations: Effects on students' problem solving, pr

In 3 experiments, we examined the effects of using concrete and/or abstract visual problem representations during instruction on students' problem-solving practice, near transfer, problem representations, and learning perceptions. In Experiments 1 and 2, novice students learned about electrical circuit analysis with an instructional program that included worked-out and practice problems represented with abstract (Group A), concrete (Group C), or abstract and concrete diagrams (Group AC), whereby the cover stories were abstract in Group A and concrete in Groups C and AC. Experiment 3 added a 4th condition (C-A) with a concrete cover story and abstract diagrams. Group AC outperformed Groups A and C on problem-solving practice in Experiments 1 and 2 and outperformed Group C on transfer across the 3 experiments; Group AC also outperformed Group C-A in Experiment 3. Further, Group A outperformed Group C on transfer in Experiments 2 and 3 and outperformed Group C-A in Experiment 3. Transfer scores were positively associated with the quality of the diagrams and the number of abstract representations drawn during the transfer test. Data on students' learning perceptions suggest that the advantage of Group AC relies on the combined cognitive support of both representations. Our studies indicate that problem solving is fostered when learners experience concrete visual representations that connect to their prior knowledge and are enabled to use abstract visual representations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)





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FYiPOST: Spatially distributed instructions improve learning outcomes and efficiency.

Learning requires applying limited working memory and attentional resources to intrinsic, germane, and extraneous aspects of the learning task. To reduce the especially undesirable extraneous load aspects of learning environments, cognitive load theorists suggest that spatially integrated learning materials should be used instead of spatially separated materials, thereby reducing the split-attention effect (Sweller & Chandler, 1994). Recent work, however, has suggested a new distinction between two common formats of spatially separated displays: spatially distributed versus spatially stacked (Jang & Schunn, 2010). Moreover, a distinction between instructions and learning task materials has rarely been made. Across two studies with 106 college students (56 in Study 1 and 50 in Study 2), we compared spatially distributed (multiple sources of information are placed side by side) versus spatially stacked (only one at the top is visible) instructions, without changing the learning task materials, on both task performance and learning. With materials more typical of practice, Study 1 showed that the distributed-display instructions led learners to more efficient learning; learners finished the task faster and scored higher in the overall learning test. With materials more tightly controlled for spatial format per se, Study 2 replicated the effect and found that the benefit of the distributed instructions appeared to be associated with changes in cognitive load. Implications for educational practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)





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Educational Psychologist

Tuesday, February 15, 2011

FYiPost: 70 dyslexia support links

This is an FYI link request that may be of interest to IQs Corners readers, that comes from another blog, Onlinecollegecourses.

"Since we write in a similar niche, thought you might want to share a recent article of ours, "70 Excellent Links for Dyslexia Support", with your readers. .

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Saturday, February 12, 2011

The Cognitive Atlas Project - way cool stuff

Very intriguing article and description of the Cognitive Atlas Project, a scientific social collaborative knowledge project.









Poldrack, R. A. (2010). Mapping Mental Function to Brain Structure: How Can Cognitive Neuroimaging Succeed? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(6), 753-761

Abstract

The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to identify the mapping between brain function and mental processing. In this article, I examine the strategies that have been used to identify such mappings and argue that they may be fundamentally unable to identify selective structure–function mappings. To understand the functional anatomy of mental processes, it will be necessary for researchers to move from the brain-mapping strategies that the field has employed toward a search for selective associations. This will require a greater focus on the structure of cognitive processes, which can be achieved through the development of formal ontologies that describe the structure of mental processes. In this article, I outline the Cognitive Atlas Project, which is developing such ontologies, and show how this knowledge could be used in conjunction with data-mining approaches to more directly relate mental processes and brain function.










The article , with annotations, is available here, as part of this blogs IQ's Reading feature.



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FYiPost: Free psychometric test links @ www.markparkinson.co.uk

Graduates! Just another reminder that there's a multitude of free psychometric tests and questionnaires on the 'links' page of my website at:

www.markparkinson.co.uk/psychometric_links.htm

Also a growing number of other sites that offer free taster tests, for example you will find verbal, numerical and inductive reasoning tests at:

www.graduatesfirst.com







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Educational Psychologist

Friday, February 11, 2011

How we remember@NIMHgov, 2/11/11 10:15 AM

Mental Health NIMH (@NIMHgov)
2/11/11 10:15 AM
Director's Blog: Research is helping us better understand how we make and retain memories - http://go.usa.gov/gxD #nimhgov


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Thinking caps@sbkaufman, 2/10/11 11:06 PM

Scott Barry Kaufman (@sbkaufman)
2/10/11 11:06 PM
Thinking Cap Stimulates Insight | Psychology Today http://t.co/EtSRTK2


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Educational Psychologist

Thursday, February 10, 2011

Research Bytes: Neuro-imaging research--brain networks and public interest


Beck, D. M. (2010). The Appeal of the Brain in the Popular Press. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(6), 762-766.

Since the advent of human neuroimaging, and of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in particular, the popular press has shown an increasing interest in brain-related findings. In this article, I explore possible reasons behind this interest, including recent data suggesting that people find brain images and neuroscience language more convincing than results that make no reference to the brain (McCabe & Castel, 2008; Weisberg, Keil, Goodstein, Rawson, & Gray, 2008). I suggest that part of the allure of these data are the deceptively simply messages they afford, as well as general, but sometimes misguided, confidence in biological data. In addition to cataloging some misunderstandings by the press and public, I highlight the responsibilities of the research scientist in carefully conveying their work to the general public.


Gonsalves, B. D., & Cohen, N. J. (2010). Brain Imaging, Cognitive Processes, and Brain Networks. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(6), 744-752.


McDonald, R. P. (2010). Structural Models and the Art of Approximation. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(6), 675-686

Structural equation models have provided a seemingly rigorous method for investigating causal relations in nonexperimental data in the presence of measurement error or multiple measures of putative causes or effects. Methods have been developed for fitting these very complex models globally and obtaining global fit statistics or global measures of their approximation to sample data. Structural equation models are idealizations that can serve only as approximations to real multivariate data. Further, these models are multidimensional, and the approximation is itself multidimensional. Tests of “significance” and global indices of approximation do not provide an adequate basis for judging the acceptability of the approximation. Standard applications of structural models use a composite of two models—a measurement (path) model and a path (causal) model. Separate analyses of the measurement model and the path model provide an informed judgment, whereas the composite global analysis can easily yield unreasonable conclusions. Separating the component models enables a careful assessment of the actual constraints implied by the path model, using recently developed methods. An empirical example shows how the conventional global treatment yields unacceptable conclusions


Poldrack, R. A. (2010). Mapping Mental Function to Brain Structure: How Can Cognitive Neuroimaging Succeed? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5(6), 753-761

The goal of cognitive neuroscience is to identify the mapping between brain function and mental processing. In this article, I examine the strategies that have been used to identify such mappings and argue that they may be fundamentally unable to identify selective structure–function mappings. To understand the functional anatomy of mental processes, it will be necessary for researchers to move from the brain-mapping strategies that the field has employed toward a search for selective associations. This will require a greater focus on the structure of cognitive processes, which can be achieved through the development of formal ontologies that describe the structure of mental processes. In this article, I outline the Cognitive Atlas Project, which is developing such ontologies, and show how this knowledge could be used in conjunction with data-mining approaches to more directly relate mental processes and brain function.


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FYiPost: Malaria and IQ

From the always interesting MARGINAL REVOLUTION blog

The figure below, from Bill Gates's annual letter, shows that countries with a higher disease burden have lower average IQs. The theory is that building brains and fighting disease are metabolically costly so more effort to fend disease diverts resources from brain development lowering IQ. 

Malaria-iq
Tyler blogged this research earlier writing "I'm not sure the authors have a very good test against alternative hypotheses, but still a correlation remains after making some appropriate adjustments."

Further evidence on causality is given by Atheendar Venkataramani in Early Life Exposure to Malaria and Cognition and Skills in Adulthood. Venkataramani finds that men born after widespread malaria eradication began in Mexico in the late 1950s have higher IQs (Raven scores) and are more likely to work in white collar jobs than men born shortly before eradication efforts began. Importantly, the effect is larger for men born in those states that began with high exposure to malaria.   






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Monday, February 07, 2011

Ga (auditory processing)--the adolescent social butterfly at the CHC intelligence theory ball

In the CHC theory of intelligence, Gc is historically known as crystallized intelligence. Although featured prominently in CHC theory, Hunt (2000) has lamented the fact that researchers and intelligence scholars have largely ignored Gc recently in favor of studying more exciting or “sexy” CHC constructs (e.g., Gf). He called it the “wallflower” ability.

If Gc is the wallflower (Hunt, 2000) at the CHC ball, then Ga (auditory processing) is an adolescent social butterfly flitting from factor to factor, not readily defined or understood by others, and still in an awkward formative stage of adolescent theoretical and psychometric identity formation (with notable identity role confusion). Ga was the least studied factor in Carroll’s (1993) treatise, largely because reliable and valid technology for measuring Ga abilities did not exist during most of the days of prolific psychometric factor analytic research. This situation has been recently remedied by an explosion of wide ranging (but not necessarily internally coherent or organized research) on a wide array of Ga characteristics (see Conway, Pisoni & Kronenberger, 2009; Gathercole, 2006; Hubbard, 2010; Rammsayer & Brandler, 2007)

Conway, Pisoni and Kronenberger (2009) have gone as far as elevating auditory abilities to the status as a critical ability for higher level cognition and language development. Given the temporal/sequential nature of sound, these researchers suggest auditory abilities provide critical exposure to serially ordered events, “bootstrapping the development of sequential processing and behavior. Sound thus provides a ‘scaffolding”—a supporting framework—that organisms use to learn how to interpret and process sequential information” (p. 275). Thus, auditory abilities are believed to play a foundational causal role in the development of “perception, sensory-motor control, language, and higher level functions” (p. 278). Pretty heady stuff for the Ga social butterfly!

The possibility of components of Ga being crucial to cognitive development is reinforced by Rammsayer and colleagues (Helmbold, Troche, & Rammsayer, 2007; Rammsayer & Brandler, 2007) who have presented an intriguing program of systematic research that have suggested that auditory based temporal processing tasks form a temporal psychometric g-factor that is more strongly associated with psychometric g than a reaction time g-factor, the long considered holy grail essence of g.

Further reflecting the adolescent nature of our understanding of the Ga domain is the fact that auditory imagery, which according Hubbard (2010, p. 302) was defined by Intons-Peterson (1992, p. 46) as “the introspective persistence of an auditory experience, including one constructed from components drawn from long-term memory, in the absence of direct sensory instigation of that experience,” has a massive body of research literature—yet auditory imagery is nowhere to be found in the current CHC taxonomy.  Hubbard's (2010) comprehensive review covers such wide ranging research as “(a) imagery for auditory features (pitch, timbre, loudness), (b) imagery for complex nonverbal auditory stimuli (musical contour, melody, harmony, tempo, notational audiation, environmental sounds), (c) imagery for verbal stimuli (speech, text, in dreams, interior monologue), (d) auditory imagery's relationship to perception and memory (detection, encoding, recall, mnemonic properties, phonological loop), and (e) individual differences in auditory imagery (in vividness, musical ability and experience, synesthesia, musical hallucinosis, schizophrenia, amusia).”

Additional examples of the emerging importance of Ga abilities, many not yet included in the CHC taxonomy, exist in other arenas. First, central auditory processing disorders (CAPD), which refer to “difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory information in the auditory nervous system as demonstrated by poor performance in one or more of the following skill areas: auditory discrimination, auditory pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition, auditory performance in competing acoustic signals, and auditory performance with de-graded acoustic signals” (DeBonis & Moncrieff, 2008, p. 4-5), are now recognized by professional associations serving speech-language pathologists and audiologists and have been linked to specific language disorders. Second, numerous studies have been studying performance on non- or pseudo-word repetition tasks, tasks that appear to measure a Ga conglomerate involving acoustic signal processing, phonological awareness and sensitivity, an apparent Glr-type phonological storage and recoding ability, and speech-motor planning (see review of Gathercole, 2006 for research findings and Archibald and Gathercole, 2006 for review of measures). Although the non-word repetition tests are most likely factorially messy, the resultant research begs for scrutiny given a meta-analysis of 34 studies that reported a significant difference (d = 0.65, N = 2865) between individuals with specific reading disabilities and matched control groups without a reading disability (Herrmann, Matyas & Pratt, 2006).

Third—and beyond. Research in Ga domains proliferates like mosquitoes on a humid summer evening in Minnesota, with research investigating rapid auditory gap detection (Stefanatos, Braitman, & Madigan, 2007) , speech perception and auditory temporal processing (Boets, Wouters, Van Wieringen, & Ghesquiere, 2007), rhythm perception and production (van Noorden & Moelansts, 2006), rhythm sensitivity (Holliman, Wood & Sheely, 2010),  to name but a few. Clearly the domain of Ga is not well understood. Ga-related research is scattered across research labs, disciplines, and journals. It would be a huge task to integrate all the research. A clear understanding of the dimensional structural of the very broad Ga domain requires extensive factor analytic research.

If in doubt, I recently searched the IAP Reference Data Base and found over 1,600+ references that includes some form of "auditory" term in a journal title or keywords. Click here to view.


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Friday, February 04, 2011

IQ tests: Measure of merit or the key to performance enhancing resources?

A link to the following article published in a recent issue of Research in Organizational Behavior was sent to me by a reader. Below is the abstract (click on image to enlarge).



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Thursday, February 03, 2011

Brain synchronization@neuroconscience, 2/3/11 4:33 AM

Micah Allen (@neuroconscience)
2/3/11 4:33 AM
Oscillatory Synchronization in Large-Scale Cortical Networks Predicts Perception http://bit.ly/dV980u


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fyiPost: European Conference on Psych Assessment

>
> Dear Colleagues!
>
>
> We are pleased to welcome you to the 11th European Conference on Psychological
> Assessment (ECPA2011) of the European Association for Psychological Assessment
> (EAPA), to be held in Riga, Latvia and hosted by the University of Latvia,
> Department of Psychology, in partnership with the Union of Latvian
> Psychologists. The conference will be held August 31rst to September 3rd and it
> promises to continue the previous traditions of EAPA conferences, offering a
> scientific programme of high quality, representing significant state-of-the-art
> issues in psychological assessment. The program will include topics of
> psychological assessment across the developmental life-span, including various
> aspects of cognitive, emotional, social, personality and psychopathological
> functioning. The formal and informal settings will provide opportunity to meet
> interesting colleagues and to establish important international contacts.
> The venue of the 11th European Conference on Psychological Assessment will be
> the University of Latvia main administrative building, which is located
> precisely in the centre of Riga, near to the historical Old Riga, the National
> Opera and other notable sites. Riga is a charming city on the Baltic Sea coast,
> founded in 1201, a former member of the Hanseatic League, and internationally
> recognized for its extensive Jugendstil (Art Nouveau) architecture. The
> conference registration fee includes a Gala Dinner for all conference
> participants in one of the elegant historical buildings of Riga, associated
> with the early strivings for freedom at the turn of the last century. Riga
> provides many fine hotels for comfortable accommodation.
>
> Welcome! See you in Riga, 31 August - 3 September 2011!
> Detailed information: http://www.ecpa11.lu.lv/
>
> Malgozata Rascevska, organizing committee co-president
> Sandra Sebre, organizing committee, co-president

Tuesday, February 01, 2011

Special journal issue on Forensic Research in Offenders with Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities

Thanks to Karen Salekin for alerting me to a two-part special issue of Psychology, Crime and Law: Forensic Research in Offenders with Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities. I've provided picture images of the table of contents below. The actual TOC and articles for the two issues can be accessed here and here.

Double click on images to enlarge







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