Tuesday, July 26, 2016

Smell Test May Predict Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease

File under Go domain in CHC model of human abilities

Smell Test May Predict Early Stages of Alzheimer's Disease

Summary: According to researchers, odor identification tests could prove useful in predicting cognitive decline and detecting early stage…

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Book nook: Neuronal and Synaptic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability, 1st Edition | Carlo Sala, Chiara Verpelli | ISBN 9780128001097



Neuronal and Synaptic Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability, 1st Edition | Carlo Sala, Chiara Verpelli | ISBN 9780128001097

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Sunday, July 24, 2016

Expertise and the Illusion of Knowledge

I just read this very thought provoking article and would recommend it to anyone who considers themselves an expert in some domain. Humility seems in order

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St Petersburg calling: The Gottfredson Bell Curve [feedly]



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St Petersburg calling: The Gottfredson Bell Curve
// Psychological comments

 

Linda

 

 

If, despite her having made so may contributions to intelligence research, Linda Gottfredson had to be remembered for only one thing,  I think it would be for her exposition of the meaning of intelligence in everyday life.

Whereas most previous researchers talked about the abstract concept of intellectual power, and gave examples only in terms of academic qualifications, Linda looked at the practical impacts of ability on trainability and the successful completion of everyday tasks. Even among my clinical psychology colleagues, most of whom who had done lots of intelligence testing, her papers were received with enthusiasm and some amazement. She explained what people could do at all levels of intelligence, in a way that made sense to patients and clinicians alike.

Some people are brighter than others. This is the finding which has emerged from intelligence research over a century. Read Linda Gottfredson  "Why g Matters: The Complexity of Everyday Life" (1997) if only just page 117 for an explanation of the relationship between literacy, learning and intelligence.

http://www.udel.edu/educ/gottfredson/reprints/1997whygmatters.pdf

The video below shows David Lubinski talking to Linda for her Distinguished Contributor Interview.

https://www.youtube.com/watchv=ylYW3eLnc1E&feature=youtu.be

At 14 minutes she talks about the meaning of g, general intelligence. She recalls the three things that are required to detect g, according to Hunter and Schmidt: reliable measures, no restriction in the range of intelligence, and no sampling errors.

As a consequence of some people being brighter than others, and some jobs being more complex than others "You cannot have equality and excellence too".

At 24 minutes she talks about the real tasks that people can or cannot do according to their intelligence levels.

At 35 minutes she describes how she came to write the statement on intelligence for the Wall Street Journal that was signed by 50 leading intelligence researchers in 1994. She said she kept it simple, and just summarised the main findings in the literature, and asked them to sign or not, not allowing them to change a word.

At 42 minutes she explains why intelligence is so important in health care: prevention requires a high level of self-care, and in the case of modern medicine, that turns out to be complicated. The dull are dying before their time, because the cannot follow the instructions for self-care.

At 57 minutes she mentions The Mind's Eye: the capacity of intelligent people to imagine to imagine hypotheticals, and evaluate them.

At 1:07 why g matters, at 1.12 her admiration for Arthur Jensen, at 1.31 the contortions that some test creators have got into when trying to build a valid test which also annuls racial differences, mostly by complicated cheating (for example, restricting the cognitive elements of the test to being able to read at the 1st percentile).

A summary of a lifetime's contribution, gracefully done by a researcher who suffered harassment for daring to talk about intelligence.

 


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Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist 
Director
Institute for Applied Psychometrics
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The Interleaving Effect: Mixing It Up Boosts Learning - Scientific American

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-interleaving-effect-mixing-it-up-boosts-learning/


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Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics
IAP
www.themindhub.com
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Thursday, July 21, 2016

Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory. [feedly]



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Temporal cognition: Connecting subjective time to perception, attention, and memory.
// Psychological Bulletin - Vol 136, Iss 4

Time is a universal psychological dimension, but time perception has often been studied and discussed in relative isolation. Increasingly, researchers are searching for unifying principles and integrated models that link time perception to other domains. In this review, we survey the links between temporal cognition and other psychological processes. Specifically, we describe how subjective duration is affected by nontemporal stimulus properties (perception), the allocation of processing resources (attention), and past experience with the stimulus (memory). We show that many of these connections instantiate a "processing principle," according to which perceived time is positively related to perceptual vividity and the ease of extracting information from the stimulus. This empirical generalization generates testable predictions and provides a starting-point for integrated theoretical frameworks. By outlining some of the links between temporal cognition and other domains, and by providing a unifying principle for understanding these effects, we hope to encourage time-perception researchers to situate their work within broader theoretical frameworks, and that researchers from other fields will be inspired to apply their insights, techniques, and theorizing to improve our understanding of the representation and judgment of time. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
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*********************************************
Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist 
Director
Institute for Applied Psychometrics
*********************************************

The Hegarty Spatial Thinking Lab: Awesome source on Gv research

I just discovered the most awesome research lab investigating Gv (visual-spatial abilities).  It is the Hegarty Spatial Thinking Lab.

Check it out.   A person could spend hours searching through the material.




Video: The ultimate brain map


The ultimate brain map
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHDfvfYCY0U

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Monday, July 11, 2016

APA Style CENTRAL



APA Style CENTRAL

APA Style® CENTRAL is the only authoritative and complete online environment for teaching, writing, and publishing in APA Style. Designed to help users develop their writing and…

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Sunday, July 10, 2016

Stephen Greenspan on "Why DSM5 suggested a switch from adaptive behavior to adaptive reasoning": APA Div 33 featured conversation


My long time friend and professional colleague Dr. Stephen Greenspan, is conducting a featured conversation hour for Division 33 at the forthcoming APA convention in Denver.  He has provided me an advanced copy of his outline and has graciously given me permission to make it available at the ICDP blog.  A copy can be obtained by clicking here.

Stephen is one of the great "thinkers" in the field of intellectual disabilities.  Our professional lives crossed long distance when I was a doctoral student.  My advisor, Dr. Robert Bruininks, put me in charge of a series of studies investigating the constructs of adaptive and maladaptive behavior.  These studies eventually led to my dissertation--which was a CFA validation study of Greenspan's Model of Personal Competence (see 1990 reference below).  To the best of my knowledge, this was the first published article validating Greenspan's model.

Below are links to the various articles (I simply grabbed them from my MindHub web page--please visit if you want additional information).  Consistent with Stephen's outline notes, in this validated model of personal competence, conceptual intelligence was operationalized as measured by intelligence tests, and was not considered a domain of adaptive behavior.

Of interest is the recent study by MaCann et al. that provides structural (CFA) evidence for a separate cognitively oriented social-emotional construct, distinct from the other cognitive domains in the CHC taxonomy of human intelligence.  Although MaCann et al. refer to the construct as emotional intelligence, a reading of the dimensions suggest it could easily be called social intelligence.  

Finally, as Bruininks and I were pulled away from our AB/PC program of research for different reasons, I continue to be perplexed why other researchers have not tried to extend and refine the research on the model of personal competence, particularly given its prominence (and disagreements) in definitions of ID.


Adaptive Behavior and Personal Competence Research (select articles)

Research Byte: Brain Development, Impulsivity, Risky Decision Making, and Cognitive Control: Integrating Cognitive and Socioemotional Processes During Adolescence—An Introduction to the Special Issue via BrowZine

Brain Development, Impulsivity, Risky Decision Making, and Cognitive Control: Integrating Cognitive and Socioemotional Processes During Adolescence—An Introduction to the Special Issue
Leshem, Rotem
Developmental Neuropsychology, Vol. 41 Issue 1-2 – 2016: 1 - 5

10.1080/87565641.2016.1187033

University of Minnesota Users:
http://login.ezproxy.lib.umn.edu/login?url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/87565641.2016.1187033

Non-University of Minnesota Users: (Full text may not be available)
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/87565641.2016.1187033

Accessed with BrowZine, supported by University of Minnesota.


******************************************************
Kevin McGrew, PhD
Educational Psychologist
Director, Institute for Applied Psychometrics
IAP
www.themindhub.com
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Friday, July 08, 2016

Multitasking is exhausting your brain, say neuroscientists

Focus on single tasks and take what I call "reflection breaks" (laying down on couch doing nothing but letting my default brain network do mind wandering"

Multitasking is exhausting your brain, say neuroscientists

Does your morning routine consist of checking emails, browsing Facebook, downing coffee, heading to the train while Googling one last idea,…

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Tuesday, July 05, 2016

Psychology’s Meta-Analysis Problem | Absolutely Maybe



Psychology's Meta-Analysis Problem | Absolutely Maybe

Psychology has a meta-analysis problem. And that's contributing to its reproducibility problem. Meta-analyses are wallpapering over many research…

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Saturday, July 02, 2016

Big data for human development - On Biology



Big data for human development - On Biology

Big Data Analytics launches with BioMed Central today Wikipedia Buzzword Big data is one of the buzzwords in technological and business domains,…

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Friday, July 01, 2016

Strong Genetic Overlap Between Executive Functions and Intelligence.



Strong Genetic Overlap Between Executive Functions and Intelligence.

Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive processes that control, monitor, and coordinate more basic cognitive processes. EFs play…

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Sleepless Night, Restless Mind: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mind Wandering.



Sleepless Night, Restless Mind: Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Mind Wandering.

Sleep deprivation can result in degradation of sustained attention through increased distraction by task-irrelevant…

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