Leaving no child behind—Beyond cognitive and achievement abilities - #CAMML source “fugitive/grey” working paper now available. Enjoy - #NCLB #learning #EDSPY #motivation #affective #cognitive #intelligence #conative #noncognitive #schoolpsychology #schoolpsychologists

I’ve recently made several posts regarding the importance of conative (i.e., motivation; self-regulated learning strategies; etc.) learner characteristics and how they should be integrated with cognitive abilities (as per the CHC theory of cognitive abilities) to better understand the interplay between learner characteristics and school learning.  These posts have mentioned (and I provided a link) to my recent 2022 article where I articulate a Cognitive-Affective-Motivation Model of Learning; CAMML; click here to access).

In the article I mention that the 2022 CAMML model had its roots in early work I completed as one of the first set of Principal Investigators during the first five years of the University of Minnesota’s National Center on Educational Outcomes (NCEO).  As a result of those posts I’ve had several requests for the original working paper which is best characterized as being “fugitive” or “grey” literature.

The brief back story is that the original 2004 document was a “working paper” (6-15-04; Increasing the Chance of No Child Being Left Behind: Beyond Cognitive and Achievement Abilities, by Kevin McGrew, David Johnson, Anna Casio, Jeffrey Evans) that was written with the aid of discretionary funds from the then Department of Education’s Office of Special Education (OSEP) during the influence of NCLB.  The working draft was submitted but curiously never saw the light of day.

With this post I’m now making the complete 2004 “working paper” (with writing, spelling, and grammar blemish’s in their full glory) available as a PDF.  Click here to access.  Although dated 20 years, IMHO the lengthy paper provides a good accounting of the relevant literature up to 2004, much of which is still relevant.  Below are images of the TOC pages which should give you an hint of the treasure trove of information and literature reviewed.  Enjoy.  Hopefully this MIA paper may help others pursue research and theoretical study in this important area.

Click on images to enlarge for easy reading

The McGrew Model of Achievement Competence Model (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants: CJSP article supplementary materials

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) has been  under development since the early 2000's by Dr. Kevin S. McGrew.   The work is (has) been formally presented in an invited article--"The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants" (McGrew, in press, 2021), for a forthcoming special issue on motivation in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology). 

Due to the page length constraints of the journal, significant background and explanatory information could not be presented in the article.  Thus, I have "off-loaded" this material for supplementary viewing via on-line PPT slide shows and downloadable PDF files.

Five MACM PPT modules have been posted at SlideShare and can be viewed and downloaded from that site.  For those who would prefer to directly download PDF versions of the PPT modules from one page...here it is.  Below are the titles of the five modules and associated download links.  In addition, the paper includes, in a table footnote, definitions for 16 self-regulatory constructs from a recent article by Sitzman and Ely (2011).  That PDF file is also available from download below.

Enjoy.

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)

• Introduction and overview (A)
  
• Overview of the model (B)
• The motivation domains defined (C)
• The volition and self-regulation domain (D)
• Crossing the Rubicon Commitment Pathway Model to Learning (E)
  
• 16 self-regulatory constructs (from article definition table)
  

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) Part E: Crossing the Rubicon Commitment Pathway Model to Learning

 

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) is a series of slide modules.  By clicking on the link you can view the slides at SlideShare.  This is the fifth and final (Part E) in the series.  This one is brief...only 11 slides.  Crossing the Rubicon Commitment Pathway Model to Learning.  There will be a total of five modules.  The modules will serve as supplemental materials to "The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants" (McGrew, in press, 2021 - in a forthcoming special issue on motivation in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology)

You should be able to access the prior modules (A-C) from the link above.

Click here for prior "beyond IQ" labeled posts at this blog.

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM): Part D-Volition and Self-Regulated Learning Domains

 The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) is a series of slide modules.  By clicking on the link you can view the slides at SlideShare.  This is the fourth (Part D) in the series--Volition and Self-regulated Learning Domains described..  There will be a total of five modules.  The modules will serve as supplemental materials to "The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants" (McGrew, in press, 2021 - in a forthcoming special issue on motivation in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology)

You should be able to access the prior modules (A-C) from the link above.

Click here for prior "beyond IQ" labeled posts at this blog.

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) Part B: An overview of the MACM model

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) is a series of slide modules.  By clicking on the link you can view the slides at SlideShare.  This is the second (Part B) in the series--An overview of the model.  There will be a total of five modules.  The modules will serve as supplemental materials to "The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants" (McGrew, in press, 2021 - in a forthcoming special issue on motivation in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology)

Click here for first of the series (Part A:  Introduction and Background)

Click here for prior "beyond IQ" labeled posts at this blog.

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM): Part A - Introduction to module series

The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM) is a series of slide modules.  By clicking on the link you can view the slides at SlideShare.  This is the first (Part A) in the series. The modules will serve as supplemental materials to "The Model of Achievement Competence Motivation (MACM)--Standing on the shoulders of giants" (McGrew, in press, 2021 - in a forthcoming special issue on motivation in the Canadian Journal of School Psychology)

Click here for prior "beyond IQ" labeled posts at this blog.

The big picture ecological systems perspective of intelligence (and IQ tests): Is COVID disrupting and rearranging the hierarchy of ecological system influences on children's learning?

Understanding intelligence testing in the context of Bronfrenbrenner's ecological systems model--is COVID seriously damaging, rearranging, decoupling, etc. the major proximal and distal sources of influence on a child's learning, resulting in a need to look closer at non-cognitive (conative) variables...beyond IQ?

This morning I revisited one of my favorite videos (of those I have posted), first posted in 2015, where I explained how intelligence testing needed to be understood in the context of distal and proximal influences in a child's environment.  I believe that a "big picture" understanding of the wide range of variables that influence school learning requires a "humbling" of the status of intelligence testing, a field where I have spent the majority of my professional career.  After one finishes the video, think about the "big picture" ecological systems model that is described. IMHO, COVID may be seriously impacting that the primary distal and proximal variables that influence (both positively and negatively) school learning (national educational policy; school systems and local community sources of formal and informal support; individual schools; the lack of in class learning; parents working from home or being unemployed), as well as peer interactions in a child's neighborhood (due to social distancing).  Stare at the final big picture figure and reflect on how COVID is disrupting all the primary sets of variables that influence school learning.  The range of disrupted causal influences is staggering. 

The end result, for many children, is learning via distance learning methods, often with the aid of parents who are not educators.  Although intelligence is very important, and may be more important as children must use their abilities to learn more independently, it strikes me that at this point in our countries (global) current crises, it may be the non-cognitive variables that might need better understanding and enhancement.  That is, the conative (aka., noncognitive) "beyond IQ" variables of motivation and self-regulated learning (aka., a part of volition) may be more important today than ever.  To engage in independent, loosely (dis)organized instruction, students who have strong motivation and independent self-regulation learning strategies may have a distinct advantage--those who do not, may be at a serious disadvantage.  Jack Carroll's seminal model of school learning, that spawned decades of research on models of school learning, reminds us, in elegant terms, that aside from key student individual difference variables, the quantity (opportunity for instruction) and quality of instruction are key variables in school learning.  Both of these are being seriously impacted due to COVID.

COVID appears to be a high level all encompassing distal variable (wielding impact at the global, national, community, and school system levels) that is rearranging the the relative importance of  variables in school learning.  Students now, and in the future, may need more assistance in acquiring critical non-cognitive motivational dispositions and independent self-regulated learning strategies in order to maximize what they can from their repertoire of cognitive abilities in order to continue and maintain academic growth.  If may be necessary to revise the degree of influence of distal and proximal school learning influence variables as per Bronfrenbreener's ecological systems model.

All you need is g? Predicting piano skill acquisition in beginners: The role of general intelligence, music aptitude, and mindset

Article link.

Abstract;  This study was designed to investigate sources of individual differences in musical skill acquisition. We had 171 undergraduates with little or no piano-playing experience attempt to learn a piece of piano music with the aid of a video-guide, and then, following practice with the guide, attempt to perform the piece from memory. A panel of musicians evaluated the performances based on their melodic and rhythmic accuracy. Participants also completed tests of working memory capacity, fluid intelligence, crystallized intelligence, processing speed, and two tests of music aptitude (the Swedish Music Discrimination Test and the Advanced Measures of Music Audiation). Measures of general intelligence and music aptitude correlated significantly with skill acquisition, but mindset did not. Structural equation modeling revealed that general intelligence, music aptitude, and mindset together accounted for 22.4% of the variance in skill acquisition. However, only general intelligence contributed significantly to the model (β = 0.44, p < .001). The contributions of music aptitude (β = 0.08, p = .39) and mindset (β = −0.06, p = .50) were non-significant after accounting for general intelligence. We also found that openness to experience did not significantly predict skill acquisition or music aptitude. Overall, the results suggest that after accounting for individual differences in general intelligence, music aptitude and mindset do not predict piano skill acquisition in beginners.

 

Beyond IQ: Mining the “no-mans-land” between Intelligence and IQ: Journal of Intelligence special issue

I am pleased to see the Journal of Intelligence addressing the integration of non-cognitive variables (personality; self-beliefs; motivational constructs; often called the “no-mans land” between intelligence and personality— I believe this catchy phrase was first used by Stankov) with intellectual constructs to better understanding human performance. I have had a long-standing interest in such comprehensive models as reflected by my articulation of the Model of Academic Competence and Motivation (MACM) and repeated posting of “beyond IQ” information at my blogs.

Joel Schneider and I briefly touched in this topic in our soon to be published CHC intelligence theory update chapter. Below is the select text and some awesome figures crafted by Joel.

Our simplified conceptual structure of knowledge abilities is presented in Figure 3.10. At the center of overlapping knowledge domains is general knowledge—knowledge and skills considered important for any member of the population to know (e.g., literacy, numeracy, self-care, budgeting, civics, etiquette, and much more). The bulk of each knowledge domain is the province of specialists, but some portion is considered important for all members of society to know. Drawing inspiration from F. L. Schmidt (2011, 2014), we posit that interests and experience drive acquisition of domain-specific knowledge.

In Schmidt's model, individual differences in general knowledge are driven largely by individual differences in fluid intelligence and general interest in learning, also known as typical intellectual engagement (Goff & Ackerman, 1992). In contrast, individual differences in domain-specific knowledge are more driven by domain-specific in-terests, and also by the “tilt” of one's specific abilities (Coyle, Purcell, Snyder, & Richmond, 2014; Pässler, Beinicke, & Hell, 2015). In Figure 3.11, we present a simplified hypothetical synthesis of several ability models in which abilities, interests, and personality traits predict general and specific knowledge (Ackerman, 1996a, 1996b, 2000; Ackerman, Bowen, Beier, & Kanfer, 2001; Ackerman & Heggestad, 1997; Ackerman & Rolfhus, 1999; Fry & Hale, 1996; Goff & Ackerman, 1992; Kail, 2007; Kane et al., 2004; Rolfhus & Ackerman, 1999; Schmidt, 2011, 2014; Schneider et al., 2016; Schneider & Newman, 2015; Woodcock, 1993; Ziegler, Danay, Heene, Asendorpf, & Bühner, 2012).

Click on images to enlarge.







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The importance of differential psychology for school learning: 90% of school achievement variance is due to student characteristics

This is why the study of individual differences/differential psychology is so important. If you don’t want to read the article you can watch a video of Dr. Detterman where he summarizes his thinking and this paper.

Education and Intelligence: Pity the Poor Teacher because Student Characteristics are more Significant than Teachers or Schools. Article link.

Douglas K. Detterman

Case Western Reserve University (USA)

Abstract

Education has not changed from the beginning of recorded history. The problem is that focus has been on schools and teachers and not students. Here is a simple thought experiment with two conditions: 1) 50 teachers are assigned by their teaching quality to randomly composed classes of 20 students, 2) 50 classes of 20 each are composed by selecting the most able students to fill each class in order and teachers are assigned randomly to classes. In condition 1, teaching ability of each teacher and in condition 2, mean ability level of students in each class is correlated with average gain over the course of instruction. Educational gain will be best predicted by student abilities (up to r = 0.95) and much less by teachers' skill (up to r = 0.32). I argue that seemingly immutable education will not change until we fully understand students and particularly human intelligence. Over the last 50 years in developed countries, evidence has accumulated that only about 10% of school achievement can be attributed to schools and teachers while the remaining 90% is due to characteristics associated with students. Teachers account for from 1% to 7% of total variance at every level of education. For students, intelligence accounts for much of the 90% of variance associated with learning gains. This evidence is reviewed


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Beyond Cognitive Abilities: An Integrative Model of Learning-Related Personal Competencies and Aptitude Trait Complexes

For centuries educational psychologists have highlighted the importance of "non-cognitive" variables in school learning.  Below readers will find a PPT presentation that presents a "big picture" overview of how cognitive abilities and non-cognitive factors can be integrated into an over-arching conceptual framework.  The presentation also illustrates how the big picture framework can be used to conceptualize a number of contemporary "buzz word" initiatives related to building 21st century educationally important skills (social-emotional learning, critical thinking, creativity, complex problem solving, etc.)

The two preliminary images can be enlarged by click on them.

Prior related "Beyond IQ" blog posts can be found here.

Beyond cognitive abilities: An integrative model of learning-related personal competencies and aptitude trait complexes from Kevin McGrew

Research byte: Excellent article on multiple causes of expertise development

This is an excellent integrative review of the various causes (multiple--no single cause) of the development of expertise in different domains. I love the "big picture" model integration figure (it belongs in the Gv Gallery Hall of Fame). My only complaint is that the review failed to recognize the very relevant and important work of Richard Snow on the development of aptitude...which uses a similar big picture integrative model that touches on many of the same explanatory variables.

Click on images to enlarge

 

 

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The MACM Pathway to Commitment to Learning Model (Crossing the Rubicon to Learning Action): An OGB post

[This is an "oldie but goodie" (OBG) post first posted Feb, 2013]

[Click on images to enlarge]

I pleased to make available the first MindHub (TM) Pub.  This material first appeared as a blog post.  I received a number of requests for printed or electronic copies of the post, so I decided to make if available as a PDF...a MindHub Pub.  The title, which is also the download link, is "The Motivation and Academic Competence (MACM) Pathway to Commitment to Learning Model:  Crossing the Rubicon to Learning Action." It can also be accessed at the MindHub (TM).

Non-cognitive abilities finally a target of national assessments

 

Finally!!!!!!  Noncognitve abilities (aka. conative abilities), which I have been writing about for over 10 years, are finally on the national educational radar screen.  Check out the Model of Academic Competence and Motivation (click here for all MACM labeled posts) and all the "Beyond IQ" posts.

Thursday, June 25, 2015

6:42 PM

Intelligence Testing in Proper Perspective: The Big Picture - a MindHub video-PPT show

I am pleased to announce the availability of my second video-PPT at IQ's Corner YouTube Channel.  The first video can be found here.  The current video is 20 minutes.  You can skip the first three minutes if you don't want background "front matter" material regarding me (the narrator), etc.

The new video-PPT  is called "Intelligence Testing in Proper Perspective:  The Big Picture"

This presentation places the power and value of intelligence testing into a big picture perspective which recognizes the strengths and limitations of intelligence testing.  The goal is to encourage users and consumers of intelligence tests to better understand what these measures can and cannot do, and, more importantly, recognize the other personal and environmental characteristics that influence an individual's learning and development.

Be gentle.  I am not a professional video producer and I do not have the time to edit out pauses, minor mistakes, etc.---- hey...this is FREE quality information. :)

Update 02-27-15.  Thanks to Rueben Lopez for making the suggestion that I reduce the 3 minutes of the introductory "front matter."  I have taken his advice (which I will incorporate into future videos) and have now posted the identical video with the very brief introduction.  It can be accessed here.

Sharing Real-time motivation and engagement during a month at school: Every moment of every day for every student matters via BrowZine

Real-time motivation and engagement during a month at school: Every moment of every day for every student matters Martin, Andrew J.; Papworth, Brad; Ginns, Paul; Malmberg, Lars-Erik; Collie, Rebecca J.; Calvo, Rafael A. Learning and Individual Differences, Vol. 38 – 2015: 26 - 35

10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.014

School readiness = self regulation learning competence?

Excellent review article on the relationship between the development of self-regulated learning strategies/competence and school readiness. Having worked in the schools as a school psychologist for 12 years, I would like to have a buck for every time a kindergarten teacher described children who where struggling in terms of self-regulation--although they did not use that term. A must ready for anyone working with preschool and early elementary students and stuff.

Click on images to enlarge. For more on self-regulated learning as per the Model of Academic Competence and Motivation (MACM), click here.










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Circuit-based accounts of adolescent self-control issues

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Motivational readiness: Crossing the rubicon to learning

Very interesting and important article on "motivational readiness" just published. Abstract and a few figures below (click to enlarge). The concept of moving from "readiness" to "action" is very similar to "crossing the rubicon of learning" as per the MACM model (Model of Academic Competence and Motivation) as articulated in MindHub Pub1. More information, including this MindHub Pub, can be found at the "Beyond IQ" section of the MindHub web portal.















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A cybernetic model for improving self-control

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